In terms of fresh gel weight, EM was the best thesis with In terms of leaf characteristics of Aloe Vera Table 2 , thesis EM showed the leaves with the longest length In terms of leaf width, thesis EM was also the best with There were no significant differences in gel pH in the treated theses compared to the control Table 3.
However, there were significant differences in soluble solids with a higher value in EM with 0. No significant differences existed in the fibre content of the leaves. All treatments significantly increased the fructose, glucose, proline and aloin content compared to the untreated control.
Table 1 Evaluation of biostimulant treatments on the agronomic characters of Aloe barbadensis Miller. Discussion The rhizosphere is a complex habitat, where the plant through the exudates of its roots can promote microbial growth and metabolism. Soil microbiology has a significant influence on plant physiology and growth, but also on protection against deleterious pathogenic microorganisms [23]. In the soil, in fact, you can find a considerable number of microorganisms that perform different functions.
Some are beneficial microorganisms, others can cause damage to plants and agricultural production. Among the beneficial microorganisms are the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria PGPR , which can live close to the roots or inside specialized cells and are able to stimulate plant growth through various meccanisms.
The best known mechanisms include: i bio-fertilization, i. Rhizobacteria through their activity are able to alleviate the negative effects of stress on plant growth [24, 25, 26, 27]. They can produce plant hormones and siderophores, regulating plant metabolism and the availability of nutrients in the soil, in particular iron, copper, zinc and manganese.
There are several phytohormones influenced by PGPR, such as abscissic acid, auxins and cytokinins [28]. PGPR can produce several metabolites that can control reactive oxygen species under stress [29, 30]. PGPR can also produce antibiotics necessary for symbiosis with their host and for competition with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere [31].
In recent years there has been a trend towards greater efficiency in the use of synthetic fertilizers and a return to the use of algae based products to improve plant quality and the ability to use nutrients [32]. Since the fifties, the use of algae has been supplanted by the use of commercial extracts capable of providing useful molecules to plants.
The effectiveness of algae as biostimulants depends on the composition and concentration of compounds that can improve plant metabolism under stressful conditions. Among the hormones most commonly found in algae extracts are cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins and abscissic acid as well as other hormone-like substances [33,34]. In particular, there is a significant increase in sugars, fibres and a slowing down of the gel denaturation process. This improvement in the quality of Aloe plants caused by the activity of microorganisms has also been observed in previous trials on other vegetable and ornamental species [25,26,35,36,37,38].
These aspects are probably related to the microbial influence on the stimulation of root growth, the efficiency of nutrient assimilation by the plant and the increased solubility of mineral elements in the medium.
It is also known that microorganisms can improve plant resistance to abiotic stresses, in particular water and nutrient stress [26,39,40]. Conclusion The test showed how the use of biostimulating microorganisms and algae can improve growth and gel quality in Aloe barbadensis plants.
In particular, the use of these biostimulants resulted in a significant increase in the agronomic characteristics of the Aloe leaves and the quality of the gel, in particular the fibre content, soluble solids, sugars and a reduction in the degradation process. Thanks to Welcare industries for their cooperation. Disclosure of conflict of interest The author declares no conflict of interest. References [1] Lawless J, Allan J. Tecniche nuove, London. Edizioni Zuccari. Effect of chabazitic-zeolites and effective microorganisms on growth and chemical composition of Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe arborescens Miller.
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Location and Boundaries of Vindhya Basin Climate Rewa, headquarter situated on the national highway number 7 The physical state of atmosphere is composed of various between Jabalpur and Varanasi is a commissionary town of constituents of climate.
Climate of region is mostly North East Madhya Pradesh. Its heights above sea level is Which influences The area of Rewa District is Sq. Climo-edaphic factors Sq. Vindhya region includes 13 District Keeping view in mind the various related climatic data have namely, Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Singrauli, Shahdol, Katni, been taken in the present investigation.
The one site of Sidhi district was taken for collection various BGA species. The effects of temperature on the algal of algal species. Geology of Rewa Table 1. Vindhya basin is divided into two data. The average temperature was recorded The lowest nature. The upper Vindhya system comprises stratification of temperature was recorded in the month of January , i. The recent upper Vindhya month i. Monthly mean system is deposited over the lower Vindhya system. Two in the month of June i.
The average monthly important formations that are exposed in the area are the lower mean temperature of February to June were Gourgarh Shale followed by the Bhander lime stone Singh and Dubey , [38]. In July the average region. In Aug. The flat central part November i. Table 1. Whereas Monthly mean temperature of specially for November to December was 0. The average monthly mean Relative Humidity temperature of February to Jun were July humidity present and the saturation of humidity possible at also experienced the extreme temperature towards higher scale exiting temperature.
The relative humidity plays an important but the upward movement of mercury was checked by coming role in germination of seed as well as growth and monsoon.
In July the average monthly mean temperature establishment of plant, regulate the loss of water by plant was In August it was It varies from season to season. Any increase in Table 1 water vapour. If the temperature is lowered, capacity of air for holding water vapour consequently, decreases. Table 3 shows b Rainfall humidity condition of the region for the year to Rainfall of any habitat is indices for vegetational pattern exist The average humidity was recorded maximum i.
Availability of water is mostly depending on the year , and The yearly rainfall, distribution greatly influences the growth Monthly average humidity conditions were also noted. The of natural vegetation of the habitat. The number of rainy days monthly average humidity was maximum On observing the data to It is evident from the noted data that average rainfall maximum humidity was recorded Average rainfall of winter months separately.
Table 3. May Jun. Average Max. Generic assignments, strain histories and aspects of algae have been published that algal biomass can be properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria taxonomy used for variety of application such as soil improver and redefinition of the blue-green algae to conform to the sustainable production. In many cases application of whole bacteriological code. Sneath PHA. International Code of Nomenclature of constituents such as vitamins, metabolites, enzymes, minerals Bacteria, Revision.
American Society for and specific organic substances extracted from the body cells Microbiology, Washington. A number of indigenous and improved processes 5. Waterbury JB. The cyanobacteria isolation, purification have been developing for greater need of these compounds for and identification.
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